VIIRS captures phytoplankton vertical migration in the NE Gulf of Mexico

In summer 2014, a toxic Karenia brevis bloom (red tide) occurred in the NE Gulf of Mexico, during which vertical migration of K. brevis has been observed from glider measurements. The current study shows that satellite observations from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) can capture changes in surface reflectance and chlorophyll concentration occurring within 2 h, which may be attributed this K. brevis vertical migration. The argument is supported by earlier glider measurements in the same bloom, by the dramatic changes in the VIIRS-derived surface chlorophyll, and by the consistency between the short-term reflectance changes and those reported earlier from field-measured K. brevis vertical migration. Estimates using the quasi-analytical algorithm also indicate significant increases in both total absorption coefficient and backscattering coefficient in two hours. The two observations in a day from a single polar-orbiting satellite sensor are thus shown to be able to infer phytoplankton vertical movement within a short timeframe, a phenomenon difficult to capture with other sensors as each sensor can provide at most one observation per day, and cross-sensor inconsistency may make interpretation of merged-sensor data difficult. These findings strongly support geostationary satellite missions to study short-term bloom dynamics.     

益生菌Lactobacillus casei Zhang增殖培养基的优化

Lactobacillus casei Zhang是一株分离自传统酸马奶中的益生菌。本文研究了不同碳源、氮源、碳氮比例、微量元素及缓冲盐对Lactobacillus casei Zhang增殖培养的效果, 并采用响应面法对优选的碳源、氮源和缓冲盐类的组成含量进行优化, 得到Lactobacillus casei Zhang的增殖培养基为：葡萄糖 20.9 g/L、大豆蛋白胨10.45 g/L、酵母粉10.45 g/L、K2HPO4 3.5 g/L、醋酸钠14.6 g/L、柠檬酸钠2.3 g/L、MgSO4?7H2O 1 g/L、MnSO4?5H2O 54 mg/L、CuSO4?5H2O 10 mg/L、吐温80为1 g/L。Lactobacillus casei Zhang在此增殖培养基中经37℃18 h培养活菌数可达到4.78×109 CFU/mL, 比在MRS中(4.8×108 CFU/mL)提高近10倍。     

植物乳杆菌编码复制起始蛋白天然质粒的系统进化分析

【目的】探究复制起始蛋白(Replication initiation protein,Rep)是否可以作为天然质粒系统进化关系研究的分子标记。【方法】以植物乳杆菌天然质粒编码的Rep为研究对象,通过构建Rep系统进化树详细分析和讨论这些质粒的系统进化关系。【结果】植物乳杆菌45个编码Rep天然质粒可以划分为5个进化关系紧密的家族和1个独立进化质粒p G6302,家族1-4质粒可以进一步划分为10个进化关系更近的亚家族类群,因此这些质粒可能起源于6个祖先质粒。【结论】Rep氨基酸序列显示了适度的保守性和变异性,是植物乳杆菌编码Rep质粒进化研究理想的分子标记,为植物乳杆菌天然质粒系统进化研究提供了一种简单、有效的分析方法和标准,并为植物乳杆菌或其他乳酸菌天然质粒系统进化研究提供了分子水平的佐证和依据。     

One-pot conjugated linoleic acid production from castor oil by Rhizopus oryzae lipase and resting cells of Lactobacillus plantarum

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has attracted as novel type of fatty acids having unusual health-promoting properties such as anticarcinogenic and antiobesitic effects. The present work employed castor oil as substrate for one-pot production of CLA using washed cells of Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) and lipases as catalysts. Among the screened lipases, the lipase Rhizopus oryzae (ROL) greatly assisted resting cells to produce CLA. Mass spectral analysis of the product showed that two major isomers of CLA were produced in the reaction mixture i.e. cis-9, trans-11 56.55% and trans-10, cis-12 43.45%. Optimum factors for CLA synthesis were found as substrate concentration (8 mg/mL), pH (6.5), washed cell concentration (12% w/v), and incubation time of 20 h. Hence, the combination of ROL with L. plantarum offers one pot production of CLA selectively using castor oil as a cost-effective substrate.     

基于耐酸性与抑菌性效果的 益生菌候选菌株体外筛选研究

摘要：目的 基于筛选耐酸性强和抑菌效果好的菌株为靶点,为益生菌研发提供优良的候选菌株。考察菌株耐酸性与抑菌性的相关性,为益生菌快速筛选探索新方法。方法 选取62株不同乳杆菌、魏斯菌、粪肠球菌,在酸性程度不同的培养基中采用接种培养的方式研究受试菌株耐酸能力。用大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作为指示菌,采用牛津杯法研究受试菌株的抑菌能力。分析同种细菌的耐酸能力和抑菌能力的相关关系。结果 在酸性环境下,受试菌株存活率超过50%的有22株,耐酸性较强的菌株有DMLA16017、DMLA16116、DMLA16117、DMLA16118和DMLA16131。受试菌株对病原菌的抑菌力较强的有DMLA16017、DMLA16009、DMLA16118、DMLA16002和DMLA15015。结论 鼠李糖乳杆菌DMLA16017和发酵乳杆菌DMLA16118在耐酸性和抑菌性上表现出优良性状。可以通过受试菌株对酸性耐受能力指示受试菌株对病原菌抑制能力,实现对受试菌株的快速筛选。     

乳杆菌对急性溃疡性结肠炎模型小鼠的疗效观察

目的观察植物乳杆菌YXCC-1和嗜酸乳杆菌YXCC-2对小鼠急性溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的疗效。方法对这两株菌进行体外模拟胃肠环境抗性研究,并进行动物实验。采用DSS诱导的小鼠急性UC模型,将60只小鼠随机分为4组,分别为空白对照组、DSS模型组、YXCC-1组和YXCC-2组,每组15只,观察小鼠治疗前后一般情况,计算小鼠组织学损伤评分以及观察组织学病理改变。结果菌株YXCC-1、YXCC-2有一定的耐酸、耐胆盐能力,在人工肠液环境下能较好存活;灌胃菌株发酵液可显著降低UC小鼠DAI水平,明显改善结肠组织损伤。结论植物乳杆菌YXCC-1、嗜酸乳杆菌YXCC-2发酵液对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎有治疗作用,且两者疗效相当。     

母乳联合鼠李糖乳杆菌预防早产儿喂养不耐受的疗效观察

目的观察母乳联合鼠李糖乳杆菌预防早产儿喂养不耐受的临床疗效。方法选取2016年2月至2017年2月武汉大学人民医院收治的80例生后24h内入住本院儿科新生儿病房的早产儿,随机分配成2组,其中研究组40例,对照组40例。研究组以新鲜母乳联合鼠李糖乳杆菌早期开奶喂养,对照组以早产儿配方奶早期开奶喂养,比较2组早产儿喂养不耐受症的发生率及其恢复出生体重时间、达全胃肠道喂养时间、体重增长速度和住院时间的差异。结果研究组患儿喂养不耐受发生率低于对照组,研究组恢复出生体重时间、达全胃肠道喂养时间及住院时间均短于对照组(P0.05),研究组患儿体重增加速度快于对照组(P0.05)。结论早产儿早期喂养母乳联合鼠李糖乳杆菌能够较早建立全胃肠道营养,减少早产儿喂养不耐受症的发生率,促进患儿体重增长,缩短恢复出生体重时间及达全胃肠道喂养时间,降低住院天数。     

食品微生物本科毕业论文实验的探索与实践——以干酪乳杆菌异源表达胆盐水解酶为例

毕业论文是本科教育教学过程中不可替代的重要环节之一,是检验学生综合素质的重要手段。以干酪乳杆菌异源表达胆盐水解酶为例,从论文选题、实验准备、实验研究和论文撰写等方面介绍上海理工大学食品微生物本科毕业论文实验的有关探索。学生通过综合运用所学理论知识和实验技能,能够顺利完成毕业论文实验,构建出具有工业应用潜力的耐胆盐干酪乳杆菌基因工程菌,达到本科毕业论文实践教学的目的。     

Applications and safety considerations of Lactobacillus salivarius as a probiotic in animal and human health

The goals of this review are to summarize the current knowledge on the application of Lactobacillus salivarius as a probiotic in animals and humans, and to address safety concerns with its use on live hosts. Overall, several strains of L. salivarius are well established probiotics with multiple applications in animal health, particularly to reduce colonization by gastrointestinal pathogens, and to a lesser extent, as a production and quality aid. In humans, L. salivarius has been used to prevent and treat a variety of chronic diseases, including asthma, cancer, atopic dermatitis and halitosis, and to a much limited extent, to prevent or treat infections. Based on the results from primary research evidence, it seems that L. salivarius does not pose a health risk to animals or humans in the doses currently used for a variety of applications; however, there is a systematic lack of studies assuring the safety of many of the strains intended for clinical use. This review provides researchers in the field with up‐to‐date information regarding applications and safety of L. salivarius. Furthermore, it helps researchers identify knowledge gaps and potential opportunities for microbiological and clinical research.